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Alabama...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 18 | Analyze factors that can affect cellular activities. Molecular factors, environmental factors, and structural factors. | | Benchmark | | |
Alaska...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | A | A student should understand scientific facts, concepts, principles, and theories. | | Benchmark | 10 | Understand that living things are made up mostly of cells and that all life processes occur in cells. (Cells). |
Arkansas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Students will explore, demonstrate, communicate, apply and evaluate the knowledge of life systems. | | Benchmark | LS.2.2 | Investigate and identify cellular processes, including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, synthesis of new molecules, and cell division. |
California...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | 2 | A typical cell of any organism contains genetic instructions that specify its traits. Those traits may be modified by environmental influences. | | Benchmark | e | Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms and is located in the chromosomes of each cell. |
Colorado...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | 3.3 | Students know and understand how the human body functions, factors that influence its structures and functions, and how these structures and functions compare with those of other organisms. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Describing the observable components and functions of a cell (for example, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts; movement of molecules into and out of cells). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.3 | Students know and understand how the human body functions, factors that influence its structures and functions, and how these structures and functions compare with those of other organisms. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Describing cellular organelles and their function |
Delaware...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 6 | The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to the principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and energy. Students will learn how living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes. They will learn the mechanisms and behaviors used by living organisms to regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Students will also study how knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving human health and well being. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells carry out a variety of chemical transformations which allow conversion of energy from one form to another, the breakdown of molecules into smaller units, and the building of larger molecules from smaller ones. Most of these transformations are made possible by protein catalysts called enzymes. |
District of Columbia...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 2 | Observe, investigate, describe and classify living things; explain life cycles, diversity, adaptations, structure and function of cells and systems reproduction, heredity, interdependence, behavior, flow of energy and matter and changes over time. | | Benchmark | Performance Standard | Observe and understand that all plant and animal tissues are composed of cells with specialized structures and functions. |
| Grade | 9-11 | | Standard | 2 | Observe, investigate, describe and classify living things; explain life cycles, diversity, adaptations, structure and function of cells and systems reproduction, heredity, interdependence, behavior, flow of energy and matter and changes over time. | | Benchmark | Performance Standard | Understand the functions of the cell and the specialized parts that perform them. |
Georgia...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | S7L2 | Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. | | Benchmark | b | Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SB1 | Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cell | | Benchmark | b | Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. |
Hawaii...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 9 | Students explain the structure, functions, and reproduction of living cells. | | Benchmark | Grade Cluster Benchmark | Describe and explain the structure and functions of cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 9 | Students explain the structure, functions, and reproduction of living cells. | | Benchmark | Grade Cluster Benchmark | Describe and explain the structure and functions of cells. |
Idaho...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | a | Know that cells have particular structures that underlie their functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | b | Know that most cell functions involve chemical reactions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 636.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | c | Know that most cell functions involve chemical reactions. |
Illinois...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | A | Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change. | | Benchmark | 12.A.4b | Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transport, biosynthesis and reproduction. |
Indiana...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Students work with the concepts, principles, and theories that enable them to understand the living environment. They recognize that living organisms are made of cells or cell products that consist of the same components as all other matter, involve the same kinds of transformations of energy, and move using the same kinds of basic forces. Students investigate, through laboratories and fieldwork, how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | B.1.4 | Understand and describe that the work of the cell is carried out by the many different types of molecules it assembles, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. |
Iowa...
| Grade | 10-12 | | Standard | A | Students can understand and apply skills used in scientific inquiry. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students can analyze and interpret scientific information. |
| Grade | 6-9 | | Standard | B | Students can understand concepts and relationships in life science. | | Benchmark | 1 | Students can understand structures of living things. |
| Grade | 6-9 | | Standard | A | Students can understand and apply skills used in scientific inquiry. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students can analyze and interpret scientific information. |
Kansas...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | 3.1 | The students will model structures of organisms and relate functions to the structures. | | Benchmark | 2 | The student relates the structure of cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, and whole organisms to their functions and concludes that breakdowns in structure or function may be caused by disease, damage, heredity, or aging. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.1 | Students will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of the cell. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells are composed of a variety of specialized structures that carry out specific functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.1 | Students will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of the cell. | | Benchmark | 2 | The student understands that cell functions involve specific chemical reactions. |
Kentucky...
| Grade | 5-7 | | Standard | SC-M-3.1.3 | Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide, thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SC-H-3.1.1 | Cells have particular structures that underlie their function. Every cell is surrounded by a membrane that separates it from the outside world. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules that form a variety of specialized structures. These structures carry out specific cell functions. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SC-H-3.1.2 | Most cell functions involve chemical reactions. Food molecules taken into cells react to provide the chemical constituents needed to synthesize other molecules. Both breakdown and synthesis are made possible by a large set of protein catalysts, called enzymes. The breakdown of some of the food molecules enables the cell to store energy in specific chemicals that are used to carry out the many functions of the cell. | | Benchmark | | |
Louisiana...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-M-A1 | Describing the observable components and functions of a cell, such as the cell membrane, nucleus, and movement of molecules into and out of cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-H-A1 | Observing cells, identifying organelles, relating structure to function, and differentiating among cell types. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-H-B1 | Explaining the relationship among chromosomes, DNA, genes, RNA, and proteins. |
Maine...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C | Students will understand that cells are the basic units of life. | | Benchmark | 1 | Relate the parts of a cell to its function. |
Maryland...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.12.2 | The student will be able to discuss factors involved in the regulation of chemical activity as part of a homeostatic mechanism (osmosis, temperature, pH, enzyme regulation). (CLG 3.1.2) The student will describe the flow of matter and energy between living systems and the physical environment (water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, chemosynthesis). (CLG 3.1.3) The student will explain the function of structures found in cellular and multicellular organisms (transportation of materials, waste disposal, movement, feedback, asexual and sexual reproduction, control of structures, capture and release of energy, protein synthesis). (CLG 3.2.1) |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.12.4 | Explain how traits are inherited and passed from one generation to the next (i.e., from parental DNA, RNA to gross anatomical traits of offspring). The student will demonstrate that the sorting and recombination of genes during sexual reproduction has an effect on variation in offspring (meiosis, fertilization). (CLG 3.3.1) The student will illustrate and explain how expressed traits are passed from parent to offspring (phenotypes, dominant and recessive traits, sex-linked traits, genotypes, punnett square). (CLG 3.3.2) The student will explain how a genetic trait is determined by the code in a DNA molecule (definition of gene, structure of DNA, sequence of bases directing protein formation, proteins). (CLG 3.3.3) The student will describe the effect of gene alteration on an organism and/or a population (mutations, chromosome number, cloning, genetic recombination). (CLG 3.3.4) |
Massachusetts...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 4 | Recognize that within cells, many of the basic functions of organisms (e.g., extracting energy from food and getting rid of waste) are carried out. The way in which cells function is similar in all living organisms. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 2 | All living things are composed of cells. Life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 2.1 | Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. |
Michigan...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | III.1 | All students will apply an understanding of cells to the functioning of multicellular organisms, including how cells grow, develop and reproduce: | | Benchmark | 1 | Demonstrate evidence that all parts of living things are made of cells. |
Minnesota...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will understand that all organisms are composed of cells, which are the fundamental units of life that carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. | | Benchmark | 1 | The student will know that cells are the fundamental units of life. |
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will understand that all organisms are composed of cells, which are the fundamental units of life that carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. | | Benchmark | 5 | The student will recognize that cells convert energy from food for the production of molecules necessary for life, and for life processes including cell growth and cell division. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will comprehend that all living things are composed of cells, and that the life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 1 | The student will relate cellular structures to their functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will comprehend that all living things are composed of cells, and that the life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 4 | The student will describe the role of enzymes as catalysts in metabolism and cellular synthesis of new molecules. |
Mississippi...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Investigate the biochemical basis of life. | | Benchmark | f | Explain how enzymes work and identify factors that can affect enzyme action. |
Missouri...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | 3 | In Science, students in Missouri public schools will acquire a solid foundation which includes knowledge of characteristics and interactions of living organisms. | | Benchmark | | |
Nebraska...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | 8.4.1 | By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the structure and function in living systems. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and explain how cells sustain life through functions (e.g., growth and nutrition). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 12.4.1 | By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the cell. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and describe the form and function of subcellular structures that regulate cell activities. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 12.4.1 | By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the cell. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and describe the form and function of subcellular structures that regulate cell activities. |
New Hampshire...
| Grade | 7-10 | | Standard | 3d | Students will demonstrate an increasing ability to understand fundamental structures, functions, and mechanisms of inheritance found in microorganisms, fungi, protists, plants, and animals. | | Benchmark | Proficiency Standard | Describe the major functions of the living cell and discuss how different groups of cells perform interrelated functions in any organism. |
New Mexico...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | III | Understand the structure of organisms and the function of cells in living systems. | | Benchmark | 3 | Understand that many basic functions of organisms are carried out in cells, including: growth and division to produce more cells (mitosis); specialized functions of cells (e.g., reproduction, nerve-signal transmission, digestion, excretion, movement, transport of oxygen). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | III | Understand the characteristics, structures, and functions of cells. | | Benchmark | 1 | Know that cells are made of proteins composed of combinations of amino acids. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | III | Understand the characteristics, structures, and functions of cells. | | Benchmark | 3 | Describe the mechanisms for cellular processes (e.g., energy production and storage, transport of molecules, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules). |
New York...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Living things are both similar to and different from each other and nonliving things. | | Benchmark | Performance Indicator | Describe and explain the structures and functions of the human body at different organizational levels (e.g., systems, tissues, cells, organelles). |
North Carolina...
| Grade | 8 | | Standard | 6 | The learner will conduct investigations, use models, simulations, and appropriate technologies and information systems to build an understanding of cell theory. | | Benchmark | 6.02 | Analyze structures, functions, and processes within animal cells for: Capture and release of energy. Feedback information. Dispose of wastes. Reproduction. Movement. Specialized needs. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | The learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life. | | Benchmark | 2.04 | Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importance in biological systems. |
North Dakota...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Students understand the basic concepts and principles of life science. | | Benchmark | 12.4.1 | Understand the structure and function of cells and their components. |
Ohio...
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | B | Explain the characteristics of life as indicated by cellular processes and describe the process of cell division and development. | | Benchmark | 4 | Summarize the general processes of cell division and differentiation, and explain why specialized cells are useful to organisms and explain that complex multicellular organisms are formed as highly organized arrangements of differentiated cells. |
Oregon...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | Content Standard | Understand structure, functions, and interactions of living organisms and the environment. | | Benchmark | Benchmark | Describe, explain, and compare the structure and functions of cells in organisms. |
Pennsylvania...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 3.3.10.B | Describe and explain the chemical and structural basis of living organisms. Describe the relationship between the structure of organic molecules and the function they serve in living organisms. Identify the specialized structures and regions of the cell and the functions of each. Explain how cells store and use information to guide their functions. Explain cell functions and processes in terms of chemical reactions and energy changes. | | Benchmark | | |
Rhode Island...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C2 | Within the cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy capture and release, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback, and even movement. In addition to these basic cellular functions common to all cells, most cells in multicellular organisms perform some special functions that others do not. | | Benchmark | | |
South Carolina...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | II.A.2 | Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs. | | Benchmark | a | Compare the major components of the cell (nucleus*, cytoplasm*, cell membrane*, cell wall*, vacuole*, mitochondrion, nuclear membrane, and chromosome), and their general functions (e.g., mitochondrion is the site of energy production). [The asterisk indicates that the concept has been taught at a previous grade level]. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II.A.2 | Most cell functions involve chemical reactions. Food molecules taken into the cell react to provide the chemical constituents needed to synthesize other molecules. Both breakdown and synthesis are made possible by a large set of protein catalysts, called enzymes. The breakdown of some of the food molecules enables the cell to store energy in specific chemicals that are used to carry out the many functions of the cell. | | Benchmark | a | Explain the role of enzymes in chemical reactions within the cell. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II.A.1 | Cells have particular structures that underlie their function. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules which form a variety of specialized structures that carry out such cell functions as energy production, transport of molecules, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules, and the storage of genetic material. | | Benchmark | b | Identify the cellular structures that are responsible for energy production, waste disposal, molecular synthesis, storage of genetic material, and cell movement. |
South Dakota...
| Grade | 6 | | Standard | 5 | Identify the basic life processes that occur in cells. (example: growth, energy, reproduction, waste elimination). | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Relate cellular functions to specialized structures within cells. (example: transport of materials, protein synthesis, energy capture release). | | Benchmark | | |
Tennessee...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1.0 | The student will investigate the structures and functions of the cell membrane, cellular organelles, and component biomolecules related to the major cell processes. | | Benchmark | 1.4 | Analyze the various cell processes. |
Texas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 112.43.c.4 | The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things and have specialized parts that perform specific functions, and that viruses are different from cells and have different properties and functions. | | Benchmark | B | Investigate and identify cellular processes including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, and synthesis of new molecules. |
Utah...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | III | Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. | | Benchmark | 1e | Observe and describe cellular structures and functions. Gather information to report on how the basic functions of organisms are carried out within cells (e.g., extract energy from food, remove waste, produce their own food). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II | Students will understand that all organisms are composed of one or more cells that are made of molecules, come from preexisting cells, and perform life functions. | | Benchmark | 1d | Explain the role of enzymes in cell chemistry. |
Vermont...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | S9-12:30 | Students demonstrate their understanding of Cell Structure and Function—Survival Requirements by •??Predicting the direction of movement of substances across a membrane. AND •??Developing a model that illustrates the interdependence of cellular organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm) in biochemical pathways within the cell (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts : cellular respiration and photosynthesis; nucleus and ribosomes : DNA transcription and protein synthesis). AND •??Identifying how the basic (general) shape and structure of each of the four types of organic molecules determine its role in maintaining cell survival (i.e., simple carbohydrates [monosaccharides] can be an energy source as a single molecule and a storage/structural molecule when multiple units are chemically combined—[starch, cellulose, chitin].). AND •??Explaining that a specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape of a protein (i.e., sickle cell hemoglobin). | | Benchmark | b | Enzymes, proteins that regulate biochemical reactions, are critical to the survival of cells. |
Virginia...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | LS.3 | The student will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization. | | Benchmark | b | Life functions and processes of cells, tissues, organs, and systems (respiration, removal of wastes, growth, reproduction, digestion, and cellular transport). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | BIO.3 | The student will investigate and understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. | | Benchmark | c | The nature of enzymes. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | BIO.6 | The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. | | Benchmark | f | The structure, function, and replication of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). |
Washington...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 1.2 | Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems. | | Benchmark | 1.2.6 | Understand that specialized cells within multi-cellular organisms form different kinds of tissues, organs, and organ systems to carry out life functions. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 1.2 | Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems. | | Benchmark | 1.2.6 | Understand cellular structures, their functions, and how specific genes regulate these functions. |
Wisconsin...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | F | Students in Wisconsin will demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics and structures of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | F.8.1 | Understand the structure and function of cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, and whole organisms. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | F | Students in Wisconsin will demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics and structures of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | F.12.1 | Evaluate the normal structures and the general and special functions of cells in single-celled and multiple-celled organisms |
Wyoming...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | In the context of unifying concepts and processes, students develop an understanding of scientific content through inquiry. Science is a dynamic process; concepts and content are best learned through inquiry and investigation. | | Benchmark | 1 | Students explain the processes of life, which necessitates an understanding of relationship between structure and function of the cell and cellular differentiation. They identify activities taking place in an organism related to metabolic activities in cells, including growth, regulation, transport, and homeostasis. Students differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction. |
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Inside the Living Cell 