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Alaska...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | A | A student should understand scientific facts, concepts, principles, and theories. | | Benchmark | 10 | Understand that living things are made up mostly of cells and that all life processes occur in cells. (Cells). |
Arizona...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Understand the role of the cell and cellular processes. | | Benchmark | PO1 | Describe the role of energy in cellular growth, development, and repair. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Understand the molecular basis of heredity and resulting genetic diversity. | | Benchmark | PO2 | Describe the molecular basis of heredity, in viruses and living things, including DNA replication and protein synthesis. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Understand the molecular basis of heredity and resulting genetic diversity. | | Benchmark | PO4 | Describe how meiosis and fertilization maintain genetic variation. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Understand the role of the cell and cellular processes. | | Benchmark | PO5 | Describe the purposes and processes of cellular reproduction. |
Arkansas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Students will explore, demonstrate, communicate, apply and evaluate the knowledge of life systems. | | Benchmark | LS.2.2 | Investigate and identify cellular processes, including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, synthesis of new molecules, and cell division. |
California...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | 1 | All living organisms are composed of cells, from just one to many trillions, whose details usually are visible only through a microscope. | | Benchmark | e | Students know cells divide to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis, which results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes. |
Colorado...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.3 | Students know and understand how the human body functions, factors that influence its structures and functions, and how these structures and functions compare with those of other organisms. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Describing cellular organelles and their function |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.4 | Students know and understand how organisms change over time in terms of biological evolution and genetics. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Comparing and contrasting the purpose and process of cell division (mitosis) with the production of sex cells (meiosis). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.4 | Students know and understand how organisms change over time in terms of biological evolution and genetics. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Comparing and contrasting the purpose and process of cell division (mitosis) with the production of sex cells (meiosis). |
Connecticut...
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | 10.1 | The fundamental life processes depend on the physical structure and the chemical activities of the cell. | | Benchmark | D28 | Describe the general role of DNA in protein synthesis and cell reproduction. |
Florida...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | The student understands the process and importance of genetic diversity. | | Benchmark | SC.F.2.4.2 | Knows that every cell contains a “blueprint” coded in DNA molecules that specify how proteins are assembled to regulate cells. |
Georgia...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SB2 | Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations. | | Benchmark | b | Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information. |
Idaho...
| Grade | 7-8 | | Standard | 636.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | f | Know that genetic information is replicated and passed on to new cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | c | Know that cells store and use information in the form of DNA to guide their functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.02 | Understand the form and function of DNA. | | Benchmark | d | Know that changes in DNA (mutations) occur spontaneously at low rates. Some of these changes make no difference to the organism whereas others can change cells and organisms. Only mutations in gametes can create the variation that changes an organism’s off-spring. |
Illinois...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | A | Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change. | | Benchmark | 12.A.4b | Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transport, biosynthesis and reproduction. |
Indiana...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | 4 | Students begin to trace the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems. They recognize the fundamental difference between plants and animals and understand its basis at the cellular level. Students distinguish species, particularly through an examination of internal structures and functions. They use microscopes to observe cells and recognize that cells function in similar ways in all organisms. | | Benchmark | 7.4.4 | Explain that cells continually divide to make more cells for growth and repair and that various organs and tissues function to serve the needs of cells for food, air, and waste removal. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Students work with the concepts, principles, and theories that enable them to understand the living environment. They recognize that living organisms are made of cells or cell products that consist of the same components as all other matter, involve the same kinds of transformations of energy, and move using the same kinds of basic forces. Students investigate, through laboratories and fieldwork, how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | B.1.8 | Understand and describe that all growth and development is a consequence of an increase in cell number, cell size, and/or cell products. Explain that cellular differentiation results from gene expression and/or environmental influence. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis. |
Iowa...
| Grade | 10-12 | | Standard | A | Students can understand and apply skills used in scientific inquiry. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students can analyze and interpret scientific information. |
| Grade | 6-9 | | Standard | B | Students can understand concepts and relationships in life science. | | Benchmark | 1 | Students can understand structures of living things. |
Kansas...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | 3.1 | The students will model structures of organisms and relate functions to the structures. | | Benchmark | 2 | The student relates the structure of cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, and whole organisms to their functions and concludes that breakdowns in structure or function may be caused by disease, damage, heredity, or aging. |
Kentucky...
| Grade | 5-7 | | Standard | SC-M-3.1.3 | Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide, thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs. | | Benchmark | | |
Louisiana...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-M-A1 | Describing the observable components and functions of a cell, such as the cell membrane, nucleus, and movement of molecules into and out of cells. |
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-M-A4 | Describing the basic processes of photosynthesis and respiration and their importance to life. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-H-A1 | Observing cells, identifying organelles, relating structure to function, and differentiating among cell types. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-H-B1 | Explaining the relationship among chromosomes, DNA, genes, RNA, and proteins. |
Massachusetts...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 4 | Recognize that within cells, many of the basic functions of organisms (e.g., extracting energy from food and getting rid of waste) are carried out. The way in which cells function is similar in all living organisms. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 2 | All living things are composed of cells. Life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 2.1 | Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 2 | All living things are composed of cells. Life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 2.10 | Describe and compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis, and their role in the cell cycle |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 3 | Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. | | Benchmark | 3.1 | Describe the structure and function of DNA, and distinguish among replication, transcription, and translation.*. |
Michigan...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | III.1 | All students will apply an understanding of cells to the functioning of multicellular organisms, including how cells grow, develop and reproduce: | | Benchmark | 1 | Demonstrate evidence that all parts of living things are made of cells. |
Minnesota...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will understand that all organisms are composed of cells, which are the fundamental units of life that carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. | | Benchmark | 1 | The student will know that cells are the fundamental units of life. |
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will understand that all organisms are composed of cells, which are the fundamental units of life that carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. | | Benchmark | 5 | The student will recognize that cells convert energy from food for the production of molecules necessary for life, and for life processes including cell growth and cell division. |
Mississippi...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3 | Investigate cell structures, functions, and methods of reproduction. | | Benchmark | f | Describe the main events in the cell cycle and cell mitosis including differences in plant and animal cell divisions. |
Missouri...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | 3 | In Science, students in Missouri public schools will acquire a solid foundation which includes knowledge of characteristics and interactions of living organisms. | | Benchmark | | |
Nebraska...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | 8.4.1 | By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the structure and function in living systems. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and explain how cells sustain life through functions (e.g., growth and nutrition). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 12.4.1 | By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the cell. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and describe the form and function of subcellular structures that regulate cell activities. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 12.4.1 | By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the cell. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and describe the form and function of subcellular structures that regulate cell activities. |
Nevada...
| Grade | 8 | | Standard | 6.0 | Students understand that all life forms, at all levels of organization, use specialized structures and similar processes to meet life’s needs. | | Benchmark | 6.8.3 | Investigate and describe how cells, grow, divide, and take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for cellular functions. |
New Hampshire...
| Grade | 7-10 | | Standard | 3a | Students will demonstrate an increasing ability to recognize patterns and products of evolution, including genetic variation, specialization, adaptation, and natural selection. | | Benchmark | Proficiency Standard | Describe how genetic material is passed from parent to offspring during asexual and sexual reproduction, e.g. mitosis, meiosis. |
New Mexico...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | III | Understand the structure of organisms and the function of cells in living systems. | | Benchmark | 3 | Understand that many basic functions of organisms are carried out in cells, including: growth and division to produce more cells (mitosis); specialized functions of cells (e.g., reproduction, nerve-signal transmission, digestion, excretion, movement, transport of oxygen). |
| Grade | 8 | | Standard | II | Understand how traits are passed from one generation to the next and how species evolve. | | Benchmark | 2 | Identify DNA as the chemical compound involved in heredity in living organisms. |
New York...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 4 | The continuity of life is sustained through reproduction and development. | | Benchmark | Performance Indicator | Observe and describe cell division at the microscopic level and its macroscopic effects. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Living things are both similar to and different from each other and nonliving things. | | Benchmark | Performance Indicator | Describe and explain the structures and functions of the human body at different organizational levels (e.g., systems, tissues, cells, organelles). |
North Carolina...
| Grade | 8 | | Standard | 6 | The learner will conduct investigations, use models, simulations, and appropriate technologies and information systems to build an understanding of cell theory. | | Benchmark | 6.02 | Analyze structures, functions, and processes within animal cells for: Capture and release of energy. Feedback information. Dispose of wastes. Reproduction. Movement. Specialized needs. |
Pennsylvania...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 3.3.10.B | Describe and explain the chemical and structural basis of living organisms. Describe the relationship between the structure of organic molecules and the function they serve in living organisms. Identify the specialized structures and regions of the cell and the functions of each. Explain how cells store and use information to guide their functions. Explain cell functions and processes in terms of chemical reactions and energy changes. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 3.3.10.C | Describe how genetic information is inherited and expressed. Compare and contrast the function of mitosis and meiosis. Describe mutations’ effects on a trait’s expression. Distinguish different reproductive patterns in living things (e.g., budding, spores, fission). Compare random and selective breeding practices and their results (e.g., antibiotic resistant bacteria). Explain the relationship among DNA, genes and chromosomes. Explain different types of inheritance (e.g., multiple allele, sex-influenced traits). Describe the role of DNA in protein synthesis as it relates to gene expression. | | Benchmark | | |
South Carolina...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | II.A.2 | Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs. | | Benchmark | a | Compare the major components of the cell (nucleus*, cytoplasm*, cell membrane*, cell wall*, vacuole*, mitochondrion, nuclear membrane, and chromosome), and their general functions (e.g., mitochondrion is the site of energy production). [The asterisk indicates that the concept has been taught at a previous grade level]. |
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | II.A.2 | Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs. | | Benchmark | b | Describe the processes of respiration (aerobic and anaerobic), growth and reproduction (asexual and sexual), removal of wastes, and cellular transport (osmosis and diffusion) in cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II.A.1 | Cells have particular structures that underlie their function. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules which form a variety of specialized structures that carry out such cell functions as energy production, transport of molecules, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules, and the storage of genetic material. | | Benchmark | b | Identify the cellular structures that are responsible for energy production, waste disposal, molecular synthesis, storage of genetic material, and cell movement. |
South Dakota...
| Grade | 6 | | Standard | 5 | Identify the basic life processes that occur in cells. (example: growth, energy, reproduction, waste elimination). | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 8 | | Standard | 2 | Model the process of cell division and reproduction. (example: mitosis and meiosis). | | Benchmark | | |
Tennessee...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | 1.0 | The student will investigate the structure and function of plant and animal cells. | | Benchmark | 1.3 | Recognize that cell division occurs in sequential stages. |
Texas...
| Grade | 6 | | Standard | 112.22.b.11 | The student knows that traits of species can change through generations and that the instructions for traits are contained in the genetic material of the organisms. | | Benchmark | B | Identify cells as structures containing genetic material |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 112.43.c.4 | The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things and have specialized parts that perform specific functions, and that viruses are different from cells and have different properties and functions. | | Benchmark | B | Investigate and identify cellular processes including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, and synthesis of new molecules. |
Vermont...
| Grade | 7-8 | | Standard | S7-8:31 | Students demonstrate their understanding of Reproduction by: •??Explaining that cells come only from other living cells and that genes duplicate in the process of cell division producing an identical copy of the original cell. AND •??Describing the relationship between human growth and cell division. | | Benchmark | b | Cells repeatedly divide to make more cells for growth and repair. |
Virginia...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | LS.3 | The student will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization. | | Benchmark | b | Life functions and processes of cells, tissues, organs, and systems (respiration, removal of wastes, growth, reproduction, digestion, and cellular transport). |
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | LS.2 | The student will investigate and understand that all living things are composed of cells. | | Benchmark | d | Cell division (mitosis and meiosis). |
Washington...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 1.2 | Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems. | | Benchmark | 1.2.6 | Understand that specialized cells within multi-cellular organisms form different kinds of tissues, organs, and organ systems to carry out life functions. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 1.2 | Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems. | | Benchmark | 1.2.6 | Understand cellular structures, their functions, and how specific genes regulate these functions. |
Wisconsin...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | F | Students in Wisconsin will demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics and structures of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | F.8.1 | Understand the structure and function of cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, and whole organisms. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | F | Students in Wisconsin will demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics and structures of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | F.12.1 | Evaluate the normal structures and the general and special functions of cells in single-celled and multiple-celled organisms |
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Inside the Living Cell 