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Alabama...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 18 | Analyze relationships among cell structure, function, and organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 21 | Analyze factors that can affect cellular activities. Molecular factors, environmental factors, and structural factors. | | Benchmark | | |
Alaska...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | A | A student should understand scientific facts, concepts, principles, and theories. | | Benchmark | 10 | Understand that living things are made up mostly of cells and that all life processes occur in cells. (Cells). |
Arizona...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Understand the role of the cell and cellular processes. | | Benchmark | PO2 | Compare the form and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their cellular components. |
California...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | 1 | The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. | | Benchmark | a | Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms. |
Colorado...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | 3.3 | Students know and understand how the human body functions, factors that influence its structures and functions, and how these structures and functions compare with those of other organisms. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Describing the observable components and functions of a cell (for example, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts; movement of molecules into and out of cells). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.3 | Students know and understand how the human body functions, factors that influence its structures and functions, and how these structures and functions compare with those of other organisms. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Describing cellular organelles and their function |
Connecticut...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | 7.2 | Many organisms, including humans, have specialized organ systems that interact with each other to maintain dynamic internal balance. | | Benchmark | C15 | Describe the basic structures of an animal cell, including nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and cell membrane, and how they function to support life. |
Delaware...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 6 | The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to the principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and energy. Students will learn how living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes. They will learn the mechanisms and behaviors used by living organisms to regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Students will also study how knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving human health and well being. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms. Cells take highly varied forms in different plants, animals, and microorganisms. Structural variations among cells determine the function each cell performs. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 6 | The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to the principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and energy. Students will learn how living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes. They will learn the mechanisms and behaviors used by living organisms to regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Students will also study how knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving human health and well being. | | Benchmark | 2 | Cells have distinct and separate structures (organelles) which perform and monitor processes essential for survival of the cell (e.g., energy production, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules, storage of genetic material). The highly specific function of each organelle is directly related to its structure. |
District of Columbia...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 2 | Observe, investigate, describe and classify living things; explain life cycles, diversity, adaptations, structure and function of cells and systems reproduction, heredity, interdependence, behavior, flow of energy and matter and changes over time. | | Benchmark | Performance Standard | Observe and understand that all plant and animal tissues are composed of cells with specialized structures and functions. |
| Grade | 9-11 | | Standard | 2 | Observe, investigate, describe and classify living things; explain life cycles, diversity, adaptations, structure and function of cells and systems reproduction, heredity, interdependence, behavior, flow of energy and matter and changes over time. | | Benchmark | Performance Standard | Understand the functions of the cell and the specialized parts that perform them. |
Georgia...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | S7L2 | Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. | | Benchmark | b | Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SB1 | Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cell | | Benchmark | a | Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. |
Hawaii...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 9 | Students explain the structure, functions, and reproduction of living cells. | | Benchmark | Grade Cluster Benchmark | Describe and analyze structure and function at various levels of organization (cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 9 | Students explain the structure, functions, and reproduction of living cells. | | Benchmark | Grade Cluster Benchmark | Describe and explain the structure and functions of cells. |
Idaho...
| Grade | 7-8 | | Standard | 636.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | b | Know the parts of plant and animal cells and the functions of the various cell structures. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | a | Know that cells have particular structures that underlie their functions. |
Illinois...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | A | Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change. | | Benchmark | 12.A.4b | Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transport, biosynthesis and reproduction. |
Indiana...
| Grade | 6 | | Standard | 4 | Students recognize that plants and animals obtain energy in different ways, and they can describe some of the internal structures of organisms related to this function. They examine the similarities and differences between humans and other species. They use microscopes to observe cells and recognize cells as the building blocks of all life. | | Benchmark | 6.4.5 | Investigate and explain that all living things are composed of cells whose details are usually visible only through a microscope. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Students work with the concepts, principles, and theories that enable them to understand the living environment. They recognize that living organisms are made of cells or cell products that consist of the same components as all other matter, involve the same kinds of transformations of energy, and move using the same kinds of basic forces. Students investigate, through laboratories and fieldwork, how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | B.1.12 | Compare and contrast the form and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
Iowa...
| Grade | 10-12 | | Standard | A | Students can understand and apply skills used in scientific inquiry. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students can analyze and interpret scientific information. |
| Grade | 6-9 | | Standard | B | Students can understand concepts and relationships in life science. | | Benchmark | 1 | Students can understand structures of living things. |
| Grade | 6-9 | | Standard | A | Students can understand and apply skills used in scientific inquiry. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students can analyze and interpret scientific information. |
Kansas...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | 3.1 | The students will model structures of organisms and relate functions to the structures. | | Benchmark | 2 | The student relates the structure of cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, and whole organisms to their functions and concludes that breakdowns in structure or function may be caused by disease, damage, heredity, or aging. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.1 | Students will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of the cell. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells are composed of a variety of specialized structures that carry out specific functions. |
Kentucky...
| Grade | 5-7 | | Standard | SC-M-3.1.3 | Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide, thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SC-H-3.1.1 | Cells have particular structures that underlie their function. Every cell is surrounded by a membrane that separates it from the outside world. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules that form a variety of specialized structures. These structures carry out specific cell functions. | | Benchmark | | |
Louisiana...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-M-A1 | Describing the observable components and functions of a cell, such as the cell membrane, nucleus, and movement of molecules into and out of cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-H-A1 | Observing cells, identifying organelles, relating structure to function, and differentiating among cell types. |
Maine...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C | Students will understand that cells are the basic units of life. | | Benchmark | 1 | Relate the parts of a cell to its function. |
Maryland...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.8.1 | Cite evidence to explain that living organisms, including humans, are composed of cells (single-celled to multi-cellular) of which details can usually be seen through a microscope (i.e., cell walls, membranes, nucleus, chloroplasts, chromosomes, mitochondria). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.12.2 | The student will be able to discuss factors involved in the regulation of chemical activity as part of a homeostatic mechanism (osmosis, temperature, pH, enzyme regulation). (CLG 3.1.2) The student will describe the flow of matter and energy between living systems and the physical environment (water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, chemosynthesis). (CLG 3.1.3) The student will explain the function of structures found in cellular and multicellular organisms (transportation of materials, waste disposal, movement, feedback, asexual and sexual reproduction, control of structures, capture and release of energy, protein synthesis). (CLG 3.2.1) |
Massachusetts...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 2 | Recognize that all organisms are composed of cells, and that many organisms are singlecelled (unicellular), e.g., bacteria, yeast. In these single-celled organisms, one cell must carry out all of the basic functions of life. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 2 | All living things are composed of cells. Life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 2.1 | Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 2 | All living things are composed of cells. Life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 2.2 | Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in terms of their general structures and degrees of complexity.* |
Michigan...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | III.1 | All students will apply an understanding of cells to the functioning of multicellular organisms, including how cells grow, develop and reproduce: | | Benchmark | 1 | Demonstrate evidence that all parts of living things are made of cells. |
Minnesota...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will understand that all organisms are composed of cells, which are the fundamental units of life that carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. | | Benchmark | 1 | The student will know that cells are the fundamental units of life. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will comprehend that all living things are composed of cells, and that the life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 1 | The student will relate cellular structures to their functions. |
Mississippi...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3 | Investigate cell structures, functions, and methods of reproduction. | | Benchmark | a | Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
Missouri...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | 3 | In Science, students in Missouri public schools will acquire a solid foundation which includes knowledge of characteristics and interactions of living organisms. | | Benchmark | | |
Montana...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | 3 | Students demonstrate knowledge of characteristics, structures and function of living things, the process and diversity of life, and how living organisms interact with each other and their environment. | | Benchmark | 1 | Compare the structure and function of prokaryotic cells (bacteria) and eukaryotic cells (plant, animal, etc.). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3 | Students demonstrate knowledge of characteristics, structures and function of living things, the process and diversity of life, and how living organisms interact with each other and their environment. | | Benchmark | 1 | Investigate and use appropriate technology to demonstrate that all cells have common features as well as differences that determine function and that they are composed of common building blocks (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids). |
Nebraska...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | 8.4.1 | By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the structure and function in living systems. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and demonstrate that all living things are composed of cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 12.4.1 | By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the cell. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and describe the form and function of subcellular structures that regulate cell activities. |
New Hampshire...
| Grade | 7-10 | | Standard | 3d | Students will demonstrate an increasing ability to understand fundamental structures, functions, and mechanisms of inheritance found in microorganisms, fungi, protists, plants, and animals. | | Benchmark | Proficiency Standard | Describe the major functions of the living cell and discuss how different groups of cells perform interrelated functions in any organism. |
New Mexico...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | III | Understand the structure of organisms and the function of cells in living systems. | | Benchmark | 3 | Understand that many basic functions of organisms are carried out in cells, including: growth and division to produce more cells (mitosis); specialized functions of cells (e.g., reproduction, nerve-signal transmission, digestion, excretion, movement, transport of oxygen). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | III | Understand the characteristics, structures, and functions of cells. | | Benchmark | 2 | Know that specialized structures inside cells in most organisms carry out different functions, including: parts of a cell and their functions (e.g., nucleus, chromosomes, plasma, and mitochondria); storage of genetic material in DNA; similarities and differences between plant and animal cells; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
New York...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Living things are both similar to and different from each other and nonliving things. | | Benchmark | Performance Indicator | Describe and explain the structures and functions of the human body at different organizational levels (e.g., systems, tissues, cells, organelles). |
North Carolina...
| Grade | 8 | | Standard | 6 | The learner will choose not to participate in substance use. | | Benchmark | 6.01 | Describe cell theory: All living things are composed of cells. Cells provide structure and carry on major functions to sustain life. Some organisms are single cell; other organisms, including humans, are multi-cellular. Cell function is similar in all living things. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | The learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life. | | Benchmark | 2.02 | Investigate and describe the structure and functions of cells including: Cell organelles. Cell specialization. Communication among cells within an organism. |
North Dakota...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Students understand the basic concepts and principles of life science. | | Benchmark | 12.4.1 | Understand the structure and function of cells and their components. |
Ohio...
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | A | Explain that cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms, that once life originated all cells come from pre-existing cells, and that there are a variety of cell types. | | Benchmark | 1 | Explain that living cells: a. are composed of a small number of key chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur); b. are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things; c. come from pre-existing cells after life originated, and d. are different from viruses. |
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | A | Explain that cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms, that once life originated all cells come from pre-existing cells, and that there are a variety of cell types. | | Benchmark | 2 | Compare the structure, function and interrelatedness of cell organelles in eukaryotic cells (e.g., nucleus, chromosome, mitochondria, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, cilia, flagella) and prokaryotic cells. |
| Grade | 6 | | Standard | A | Explain that the basic functions of organisms are carried out in cells and groups of specialized cells form tissues and organs; the combination of these cells make up multicellular organisms that have a variety of body plans and internal structures. | | Benchmark | 1 | Explain that many of the basic functions of organisms are carried out by or within cells and are similar in all organisms. |
Oklahoma...
| Grade | 6 | | Standard | 3 | Living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells are the building blocks of all organisms (both plants and animals). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Cells are the fundamental unit of life, composed of a variety of structures that perform functions necessary to maintain life. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells are composed of a variety of structures such as the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. |
Oregon...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | Content Standard | Understand structure, functions, and interactions of living organisms and the environment. | | Benchmark | Benchmark | Identify unique structures in cells from plants, animals, and prokaryotes. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | Content Standard | Understand structure, functions, and interactions of living organisms and the environment. | | Benchmark | Benchmark | Describe, explain, and compare the structure and functions of cells in organisms. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | Content Standard | Understand structure, functions, and interactions of living organisms and the environment. | | Benchmark | Benchmark | Identify cell organelles and state how their activities contribute to a particular type of cell carrying out its functions. |
Pennsylvania...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 3.3.10.B | Describe and explain the chemical and structural basis of living organisms. Describe the relationship between the structure of organic molecules and the function they serve in living organisms. Identify the specialized structures and regions of the cell and the functions of each. Explain how cells store and use information to guide their functions. Explain cell functions and processes in terms of chemical reactions and energy changes. | | Benchmark | | |
Rhode Island...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C2 | Within the cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy capture and release, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback, and even movement. In addition to these basic cellular functions common to all cells, most cells in multicellular organisms perform some special functions that others do not. | | Benchmark | | |
South Carolina...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | II.A.2 | Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs. | | Benchmark | a | Compare the major components of the cell (nucleus*, cytoplasm*, cell membrane*, cell wall*, vacuole*, mitochondrion, nuclear membrane, and chromosome), and their general functions (e.g., mitochondrion is the site of energy production). [The asterisk indicates that the concept has been taught at a previous grade level]. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II.A.1 | Cells have particular structures that underlie their function. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules which form a variety of specialized structures that carry out such cell functions as energy production, transport of molecules, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules, and the storage of genetic material. | | Benchmark | a | Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
South Dakota...
| Grade | 6 | | Standard | 1 | Describe basic cell structures and related functions. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | 1 | Describe basic cell structures and related functions. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Relate cellular functions to specialized structures within cells. (example: transport of materials, protein synthesis, energy capture release). | | Benchmark | | |
Tennessee...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1.0 | The student will investigate the structures and functions of the cell membrane, cellular organelles, and component biomolecules related to the major cell processes. | | Benchmark | 1.2 | Explore and compare the organelles of different cell types. |
Texas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 112.43.c.4 | The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things and have specialized parts that perform specific functions, and that viruses are different from cells and have different properties and functions. | | Benchmark | A | Identify the parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
Utah...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | III | Students will understand that the organs in an organism are made of cells that have structures and perform specific life functions. | | Benchmark | 1b | Observe and distinguish the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast, and cytoplasm of cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II | Students will understand that all organisms are composed of one or more cells that are made of molecules, come from preexisting cells, and perform life functions. | | Benchmark | 3d | Describe the relationship between the organelles in a cell and the functions of that cell. |
Vermont...
| Grade | 7-8 | | Standard | S7-8:30 | Students demonstrate their understanding of Structure and Function–Survival Requirements by… •??Conducting experiments that investigate how different concentrations of materials (inside vs. outside a cell) will cause water to flow into or out of cells. •??Examining cells under a microscope and identifying cell wall, and chloroplasts and by comparing the function of a common cell structure such as membrane in all cells with the function of a unique structure such as chloroplasts in plant cells. AND •??Examining cells under a microscope, identifying the nucleus and explaining the relationship between genes (located in the nucleus) and traits. | | Benchmark | a | Cells contain structures that carry out survival functions. |
Virginia...
| Grade | 7 | | Standard | LS.2 | The student will investigate and understand that all living things are composed of cells. | | Benchmark | a | Cell structure and organelles (cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, and chloroplast) |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | BIO.4 | The student will investigate and understand relationships between cell structure and function. | | Benchmark | a | Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
Washington...
| Grade | 6-8 | | Standard | 1.2 | Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems. | | Benchmark | 1.2.6 | Understand that specialized cells within multi-cellular organisms form different kinds of tissues, organs, and organ systems to carry out life functions. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 1.2 | Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems. | | Benchmark | 1.2.6 | Understand cellular structures, their functions, and how specific genes regulate these functions. |
West Virginia...
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | SC.S.4 | Students will: demonstrate knowledge, understanding and applications of scientific facts, concepts, principles, theories and models as delineated in the objectives; demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among physics, chemistry, biology and the earth and space sciences; and apply knowledge, understanding and skills of science subject matter/concepts to daily life experiences. | | Benchmark | SC.10.4.2 | Students will identify and explain the structure and function of cell organelles (e.g., Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles). |
| Grade | 6 | | Standard | SC.S.4 | Students will: demonstrate knowledge, understanding and applications of scientific facts, concepts, principles, theories and models as delineated in the objectives; demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among physics, chemistry, biology and the earth and space sciences; and apply knowledge, understanding and skills of science subject matter/concepts to daily life experiences. | | Benchmark | SC.6.4.6 | Students will construct models of plant and animal cells which show the basic parts (e.g., cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplasts). |
| Grade | 8 | | Standard | SC.S.4 | Students will: demonstrate knowledge, understanding and applications of scientific facts, concepts, principles, theories and models as delineated in the objectives; demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among physics, chemistry, biology and the earth and space sciences; and apply knowledge, understanding and skills of science subject matter/concepts to daily life experiences. | | Benchmark | SC.8.4.2 | Students will identify and explain the structures and functions of cell organelles. |
Wisconsin...
| Grade | 5-8 | | Standard | F | Students in Wisconsin will demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics and structures of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | F.8.1 | Understand the structure and function of cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, and whole organisms. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | F | Students in Wisconsin will demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics and structures of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | F.12.1 | Evaluate the normal structures and the general and special functions of cells in single-celled and multiple-celled organisms |
Wyoming...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | In the context of unifying concepts and processes, students develop an understanding of scientific content through inquiry. Science is a dynamic process; concepts and content are best learned through inquiry and investigation. | | Benchmark | 1 | Students explain the processes of life, which necessitates an understanding of relationship between structure and function of the cell and cellular differentiation. They identify activities taking place in an organism related to metabolic activities in cells, including growth, regulation, transport, and homeostasis. Students differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction. |
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Inside the Living Cell 