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Alabama...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 18 | Analyze relationships among cell structure, function, and organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 18 | Analyze factors that can affect cellular activities. Molecular factors, environmental factors, and structural factors. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 21 | Analyze factors that can affect cellular activities. Molecular factors, environmental factors, and structural factors. | | Benchmark | | |
Alaska...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | A | A student should understand scientific facts, concepts, principles, and theories. | | Benchmark | 10 | Understand that living things are made up mostly of cells and that all life processes occur in cells. (Cells). |
Arizona...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Understand the role of the cell and cellular processes. | | Benchmark | PO2 | Compare the form and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their cellular components. |
Arkansas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Students will explore, demonstrate, communicate, apply and evaluate the knowledge of life systems. | | Benchmark | LS.2.2 | Investigate and identify cellular processes, including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, synthesis of new molecules, and cell division. |
California...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. | | Benchmark | c | Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. | | Benchmark | h | Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. | | Benchmark | I | Students know how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP production. |
Colorado...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.3 | Students know and understand how the human body functions, factors that influence its structures and functions, and how these structures and functions compare with those of other organisms. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Describing cellular organelles and their function |
Delaware...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 6 | The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to the principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and energy. Students will learn how living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes. They will learn the mechanisms and behaviors used by living organisms to regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Students will also study how knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving human health and well being. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms. Cells take highly varied forms in different plants, animals, and microorganisms. Structural variations among cells determine the function each cell performs. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 6 | The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to the principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and energy. Students will learn how living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes. They will learn the mechanisms and behaviors used by living organisms to regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Students will also study how knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving human health and well being. | | Benchmark | 2 | Cells have distinct and separate structures (organelles) which perform and monitor processes essential for survival of the cell (e.g., energy production, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules, storage of genetic material). The highly specific function of each organelle is directly related to its structure. |
District of Columbia...
| Grade | 9-11 | | Standard | 2 | Observe, investigate, describe and classify living things; explain life cycles, diversity, adaptations, structure and function of cells and systems reproduction, heredity, interdependence, behavior, flow of energy and matter and changes over time. | | Benchmark | Performance Standard | Understand the functions of the cell and the specialized parts that perform them. |
Florida...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | The student describes patterns of structure and function in living things. | | Benchmark | SC.F.1.4.5 | Knows that complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell cause distinct cycles of activity governed by proteins. |
Georgia...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SB1 | Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cell | | Benchmark | a | Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. |
Hawaii...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 9 | Students explain the structure, functions, and reproduction of living cells. | | Benchmark | Grade Cluster Benchmark | Describe and explain the structure and functions of cells. |
Idaho...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | a | Know that cells have particular structures that underlie their functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | b | Know that most cell functions involve chemical reactions. |
Illinois...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | A | Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change. | | Benchmark | 12.A.4b | Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transport, biosynthesis and reproduction. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | A | Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change. | | Benchmark | 12.A.4b | Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transport, biosynthesis and reproduction. |
Indiana...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Students work with the concepts, principles, and theories that enable them to understand the living environment. They recognize that living organisms are made of cells or cell products that consist of the same components as all other matter, involve the same kinds of transformations of energy, and move using the same kinds of basic forces. Students investigate, through laboratories and fieldwork, how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | B.1.10 | Recognize and explain that macromolecules such as lipids contain high energy bonds as well. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Students work with the concepts, principles, and theories that enable them to understand the living environment. They recognize that living organisms are made of cells or cell products that consist of the same components as all other matter, involve the same kinds of transformations of energy, and move using the same kinds of basic forces. Students investigate, through laboratories and fieldwork, how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | B.1.12 | Compare and contrast the form and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Students work with the concepts, principles, and theories that enable them to understand the living environment. They recognize that living organisms are made of cells or cell products that consist of the same components as all other matter, involve the same kinds of transformations of energy, and move using the same kinds of basic forces. Students investigate, through laboratories and fieldwork, how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | B.1.6 | Show that a living cell is composed mainly of a small number of chemical elements – carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. Recognize that carbon can join to other carbon atoms in chains and rings to form large and complex molecules. |
Iowa...
| Grade | 10-12 | | Standard | A | Students can understand and apply skills used in scientific inquiry. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students can analyze and interpret scientific information. |
| Grade | 6-9 | | Standard | B | Students can understand concepts and relationships in life science. | | Benchmark | 1 | Students can understand structures of living things. |
| Grade | 6-9 | | Standard | A | Students can understand and apply skills used in scientific inquiry. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students can analyze and interpret scientific information. |
Kansas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.1 | Students will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of the cell. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells are composed of a variety of specialized structures that carry out specific functions. |
Kentucky...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SC-H-3.1.1 | Cells have particular structures that underlie their function. Every cell is surrounded by a membrane that separates it from the outside world. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules that form a variety of specialized structures. These structures carry out specific cell functions. | | Benchmark | | |
Louisiana...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-H-A1 | Observing cells, identifying organelles, relating structure to function, and differentiating among cell types. |
Maine...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C | Students will understand that cells are the basic units of life. | | Benchmark | 1 | Relate the parts of a cell to its function. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C | Students will understand that cells are the basic units of life. | | Benchmark | 3 | Discuss the function of the important "molecules of life" proteins (including enzymes and hormones), carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. |
Maryland...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.12.1 | Explain that most life functions involve chemical reactions regulated by information stored within the cell and may be influenced by the cell’s response to its environment. The student will be able to describe the unique characteristics of chemical compounds and macromolecules utilized by living systems (water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, vitamins). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.12.2 | The student will be able to discuss factors involved in the regulation of chemical activity as part of a homeostatic mechanism (osmosis, temperature, pH, enzyme regulation). (CLG 3.1.2) The student will describe the flow of matter and energy between living systems and the physical environment (water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, chemosynthesis). (CLG 3.1.3) The student will explain the function of structures found in cellular and multicellular organisms (transportation of materials, waste disposal, movement, feedback, asexual and sexual reproduction, control of structures, capture and release of energy, protein synthesis). (CLG 3.2.1) |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.12.8 | Explain the correlation between the structure and function of biologically important molecules and their relationships to life processes. The student will be able to describe the unique characteristics of chemical compounds and macromolecules utilized by living systems (water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, vitamins). (CLG 3.1.1) The student will be able to discuss factors involved in the regulation of chemical activity as part of a homeostatic mechanism (osmosis, temperature, pH, enzyme regulation). (CLG 3.1.2) The student will analyze the relationships among organisms and between organisms and abiotic factors (abiotic/boitic factors: space, soil, water, air, temperature, food, light, organisms; relationships: predator – prey, parasite – host, mutualism, commensalism). (CLG 3.5.1) |
Massachusetts...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 1 | Living things are made of atoms bonded together to form organic molecules. | | Benchmark | 1.1 | Explain the significance of carbon in organic molecules. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 2 | All living things are composed of cells. Life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 2.2 | Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in terms of their general structures and degrees of complexity.* |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Living things are made of atoms bonded together to form organic molecules. | | Benchmark | 1.3 | Describe the composition and functions of the four major categories of organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | All living things are composed of cells. Life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 2.1 | Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. |
Minnesota...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will comprehend that all living things are composed of cells, and that the life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 1 | The student will relate cellular structures to their functions. |
Mississippi...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3 | Investigate cell structures, functions, and methods of reproduction. | | Benchmark | a | Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Identify ways of preventing and controlling disease. | | Benchmark | e | Compare the structure, properties and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids in living organisms. |
Missouri...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | 3 | In Science, students in Missouri public schools will acquire a solid foundation which includes knowledge of characteristics and interactions of living organisms. | | Benchmark | | |
Montana...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3 | Students demonstrate knowledge of characteristics, structures and function of living things, the process and diversity of life, and how living organisms interact with each other and their environment. | | Benchmark | 1 | Investigate and use appropriate technology to demonstrate that all cells have common features as well as differences that determine function and that they are composed of common building blocks (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids). |
Nebraska...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 12.4.1 | By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the cell. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and describe the form and function of subcellular structures that regulate cell activities. |
Nevada...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 6.0 | Students understand that all life forms, at all levels of organization, use specialized structures and similar processes to meet life’s needs. | | Benchmark | 6.12.4 | Investigate and describe how every cell is covered by a cell membrane and most cells also have specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy, transfer, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback, and movement. |
New Hampshire...
| Grade | 7-10 | | Standard | 3d | Students will demonstrate an increasing ability to understand fundamental structures, functions, and mechanisms of inheritance found in microorganisms, fungi, protists, plants, and animals. | | Benchmark | Proficiency Standard | Describe the major functions of the living cell and discuss how different groups of cells perform interrelated functions in any organism. |
New Jersey...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 5.5 | All students will gain an understanding of the structure, characteristics, and basic needs of organisms and will investigate the diversity of life. | | Benchmark | A1 | Relate the structure of molecules to their function in cellular structure and metabolism. |
New Mexico...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | III | Understand the characteristics, structures, and functions of cells. | | Benchmark | 2 | Know that specialized structures inside cells in most organisms carry out different functions, including: parts of a cell and their functions (e.g., nucleus, chromosomes, plasma, and mitochondria); storage of genetic material in DNA; similarities and differences between plant and animal cells; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
New York...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Living things are both similar to and different from each other and nonliving things. | | Benchmark | Performance Indicator | Describe and explain the structures and functions of the human body at different organizational levels (e.g., systems, tissues, cells, organelles). |
North Carolina...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | The learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life. | | Benchmark | 2.01 | Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following organic molecules: Carbohydrates. Proteins. Lipids. Nucleic acids. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | The learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life. | | Benchmark | 2.02 | Investigate and describe the structure and functions of cells including: Cell organelles. Cell specialization. Communication among cells within an organism. |
North Dakota...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Students understand the basic concepts and principles of life science. | | Benchmark | 12.4.1 | Understand the structure and function of cells and their components. |
Ohio...
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | A | Explain that cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms, that once life originated all cells come from pre-existing cells, and that there are a variety of cell types. | | Benchmark | 1 | Explain that living cells: a. are composed of a small number of key chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur); b. are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things; c. come from pre-existing cells after life originated, and d. are different from viruses. |
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | A | Explain that cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms, that once life originated all cells come from pre-existing cells, and that there are a variety of cell types. | | Benchmark | 2 | Compare the structure, function and interrelatedness of cell organelles in eukaryotic cells (e.g., nucleus, chromosome, mitochondria, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, cilia, flagella) and prokaryotic cells. |
Oklahoma...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Cells are the fundamental unit of life, composed of a variety of structures that perform functions necessary to maintain life. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells are composed of a variety of structures such as the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. |
Oregon...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | Content Standard | Understand structure, functions, and interactions of living organisms and the environment. | | Benchmark | Benchmark | Identify unique structures in cells from plants, animals, and prokaryotes. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | Content Standard | Understand structure, functions, and interactions of living organisms and the environment. | | Benchmark | Benchmark | Describe, explain, and compare the structure and functions of cells in organisms. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | Content Standard | Understand structure, functions, and interactions of living organisms and the environment. | | Benchmark | Benchmark | Identify cell organelles and state how their activities contribute to a particular type of cell carrying out its functions. |
Pennsylvania...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 3.3.10.B | Describe and explain the chemical and structural basis of living organisms. Describe the relationship between the structure of organic molecules and the function they serve in living organisms. Identify the specialized structures and regions of the cell and the functions of each. Explain how cells store and use information to guide their functions. Explain cell functions and processes in terms of chemical reactions and energy changes. | | Benchmark | | |
Rhode Island...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C2 | Within the cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy capture and release, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback, and even movement. In addition to these basic cellular functions common to all cells, most cells in multicellular organisms perform some special functions that others do not. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C7 | A living cell is composed of a small number of chemical elements, mainly carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. Carbon, because of its small size and four available bonding electrons, can join to other carbon atoms in chains and rings to form large and complex molecules. | | Benchmark | | |
South Carolina...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II.A.1 | Cells have particular structures that underlie their function. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules which form a variety of specialized structures that carry out such cell functions as energy production, transport of molecules, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules, and the storage of genetic material. | | Benchmark | a | Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II.A.2 | Most cell functions involve chemical reactions. Food molecules taken into the cell react to provide the chemical constituents needed to synthesize other molecules. Both breakdown and synthesis are made possible by a large set of protein catalysts, called enzymes. The breakdown of some of the food molecules enables the cell to store energy in specific chemicals that are used to carry out the many functions of the cell. | | Benchmark | b | Differentiate the functions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in the cell. |
Tennessee...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1.0 | The student will investigate the structures and functions of the cell membrane, cellular organelles, and component biomolecules related to the major cell processes. | | Benchmark | 1.2 | Explore and compare the organelles of different cell types. |
Texas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 112.43.c.4 | The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things and have specialized parts that perform specific functions, and that viruses are different from cells and have different properties and functions. | | Benchmark | A | Identify the parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
Utah...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II | Students will understand that all organisms are composed of one or more cells that are made of molecules, come from preexisting cells, and perform life functions. | | Benchmark | 1b | Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II | Students will understand that all organisms are composed of one or more cells that are made of molecules, come from preexisting cells, and perform life functions. | | Benchmark | 3d | Describe the relationship between the organelles in a cell and the functions of that cell. |
Vermont...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | S9-12:30 | Students demonstrate their understanding of Cell Structure and Function—Survival Requirements by •??Predicting the direction of movement of substances across a membrane. AND •??Developing a model that illustrates the interdependence of cellular organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm) in biochemical pathways within the cell (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts : cellular respiration and photosynthesis; nucleus and ribosomes : DNA transcription and protein synthesis). AND •??Identifying how the basic (general) shape and structure of each of the four types of organic molecules determine its role in maintaining cell survival (i.e., simple carbohydrates [monosaccharides] can be an energy source as a single molecule and a storage/structural molecule when multiple units are chemically combined—[starch, cellulose, chitin].). AND •??Explaining that a specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape of a protein (i.e., sickle cell hemoglobin). | | Benchmark | a | There are four basic types of organic compounds found in a cell (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids). |
Virginia...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | BIO.4 | The student will investigate and understand relationships between cell structure and function. | | Benchmark | a | Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | BIO.3 | The student will investigate and understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. | | Benchmark | b | The structure and function of macromolecules. |
Washington...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 1.2 | Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems. | | Benchmark | 1.2.6 | Understand cellular structures, their functions, and how specific genes regulate these functions. |
West Virginia...
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | SC.S.4 | Students will: demonstrate knowledge, understanding and applications of scientific facts, concepts, principles, theories and models as delineated in the objectives; demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among physics, chemistry, biology and the earth and space sciences; and apply knowledge, understanding and skills of science subject matter/concepts to daily life experiences. | | Benchmark | SC.10.4.2 | Students will identify and explain the structure and function of cell organelles (e.g., Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles). |
| Grade | 11-12 | | Standard | SC.S.4 | Students will: demonstrate knowledge, understanding and applications of scientific facts, concepts, principles, theories and models as delineated in the objectives; demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among physics, chemistry, biology and the earth and space sciences; and apply knowledge, understanding and skills of science subject matter/concepts to daily life experiences. | | Benchmark | AB.4.3 | Students will identify the structure, functions, and interactions of eukaryotic cell organelles and their products. |
Wisconsin...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | F | Students in Wisconsin will demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics and structures of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | F.12.1 | Evaluate the normal structures and the general and special functions of cells in single-celled and multiple-celled organisms |
Wyoming...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | In the context of unifying concepts and processes, students develop an understanding of scientific content through inquiry. Science is a dynamic process; concepts and content are best learned through inquiry and investigation. | | Benchmark | 1 | Students explain the processes of life, which necessitates an understanding of relationship between structure and function of the cell and cellular differentiation. They identify activities taking place in an organism related to metabolic activities in cells, including growth, regulation, transport, and homeostasis. Students differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction. |
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Visualizing Cell Processes 