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Alabama...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 17 | Relate cellular functions to specialized structures within cells: active and passive transport of materials (osmosis, diffusion), energy capture and release, protein synthesis, waste disposal, information feedback, movement. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 20 | Relate cellular functions to specialized structures within cells: active and passive transport of materials (osmosis, diffusion), energy capture and release, protein synthesis, waste disposal, information feedback, movement. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 21 | Analyze and justify artists’ intentions and purposes in selected works of art. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 21 | Analyze factors that can affect cellular activities. Molecular factors, environmental factors, and structural factors. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 33 | Explain the transfer of information from parents to offspring through genes within DNA molecules. | | Benchmark | | |
Alaska...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | A | A student should understand scientific facts, concepts, principles, and theories. | | Benchmark | 10 | Understand that living things are made up mostly of cells and that all life processes occur in cells. (Cells). |
Arizona...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Understand the molecular basis of heredity and resulting genetic diversity. | | Benchmark | PO2 | Describe the molecular basis of heredity, in viruses and living things, including DNA replication and protein synthesis. |
Arkansas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Students will explore, demonstrate, communicate, apply and evaluate the knowledge of life systems. | | Benchmark | LS.2.2 | Investigate and identify cellular processes, including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, synthesis of new molecules, and cell division. |
California...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. | | Benchmark | a | Students know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 5 | The genetic composition of cells can be altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into the cells. | | Benchmark | a | Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism's cells. | | Benchmark | b | Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactons without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on the temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. | | Benchmark | b | Students know how to apply the genetic coding rules to predict the sequence of amino acids from a sequence of codons in RNA. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 5 | The genetic composition of cells can be altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into the cells. | | Benchmark | b | Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mRNA. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. | | Benchmark | c | Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. | | Benchmark | c | Students know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not affect the expression of the gene or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. | | Benchmark | d | Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. | | Benchmark | f | Students know why proteins having different amino acid sequences typically have different shapes and chemical properties. |
Colorado...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.2 | Students know and understand interrelationships of matter and energy in living systems. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Explaining how simple molecules can be built into larger molecules within organisms (for example, amino acids serve as building blocks of proteins; carbon dioxide and water are the basic materials for building sugars through photosynthesis). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.3 | Students know and understand how the human body functions, factors that influence its structures and functions, and how these structures and functions compare with those of other organisms. | | Benchmark | Grade Level Expectation | Describing cellular organelles and their function |
Connecticut...
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | 10.1 | The fundamental life processes depend on the physical structure and the chemical activities of the cell. | | Benchmark | D28 | Describe the general role of DNA in protein synthesis and cell reproduction. |
Delaware...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 6 | The natural world is defined by organisms and life processes which conform to the principles regarding conservation and transformation of matter and energy. Students will learn how living organisms use matter and energy to build their structures and conduct their life processes. They will learn the mechanisms and behaviors used by living organisms to regulate their internal environments and to respond to changes in their surroundings. Students will also study how knowledge about life processes can be applied to improving human health and well being. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells carry out a variety of chemical transformations which allow conversion of energy from one form to another, the breakdown of molecules into smaller units, and the building of larger molecules from smaller ones. Most of these transformations are made possible by protein catalysts called enzymes. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 7 | The natural world consists of a diversity of organisms that transmit their characteristics to future generations. Students will study how living things reproduce, develop, and transmit traits, and how theories of evolution explain the unity and diversity of species found on Earth. Students will also study how knowledge of genetics, reproduction, and development is being applied to improve agriculture and human health. | | Benchmark | 4 | Cells store and use information to guide their functions. DNA molecules in each cell carry coded instructions for synthesizing protein molecules. The protein molecules have important structural and regulatory functions. |
District of Columbia...
| Grade | 9-11 | | Standard | 2 | Observe, investigate, describe and classify living things; explain life cycles, diversity, adaptations, structure and function of cells and systems reproduction, heredity, interdependence, behavior, flow of energy and matter and changes over time. | | Benchmark | Performance Standard | Describe the involvement of DNA, RNA and protein in cell function, growth, division and differentiation. |
Florida...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | The student describes patterns of structure and function in living things. | | Benchmark | SC.F.1.4.3 | Knows that membranes are sites for chemical synthesis and essential energy conversions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | The student describes patterns of structure and function in living things. | | Benchmark | SC.F.1.4.5 | Knows that complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell cause distinct cycles of activity governed by proteins. |
Georgia...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SB1 | Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cell | | Benchmark | b | Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. |
Hawaii...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 9 | Students explain the structure, functions, and reproduction of living cells. | | Benchmark | Grade Cluster Benchmark | Describe and explain the structure and functions of cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 9 | Students explain the structure, functions, and reproduction of living cells. | | Benchmark | Grade Cluster Benchmark | Identify the complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell that cause distinct cycles of activities, such as growth and division. |
Idaho...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | a | Know that cells have particular structures that underlie their functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | b | Know that most cell functions involve chemical reactions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 651.01 | Understand the cell is the basis of form and function for all living things and how living things carry out their life functions. | | Benchmark | d | Know that cell functions are regulated by expressed genes that provide code for the synthesis of proteins. |
Illinois...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | A | Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change. | | Benchmark | 12.A.4b | Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transport, biosynthesis and reproduction. |
Indiana...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Students work with the concepts, principles, and theories that enable them to understand the living environment. They recognize that living organisms are made of cells or cell products that consist of the same components as all other matter, involve the same kinds of transformations of energy, and move using the same kinds of basic forces. Students investigate, through laboratories and fieldwork, how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | B.1.3 | Know and describe that within the cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy capture and release, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback, and movement. In addition to these basic cellular functions common to all cells, understand that most cells in multicellular organisms perform some special functions that others do not. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Students work with the concepts, principles, and theories that enable them to understand the living environment. They recognize that living organisms are made of cells or cell products that consist of the same components as all other matter, involve the same kinds of transformations of energy, and move using the same kinds of basic forces. Students investigate, through laboratories and fieldwork, how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | B.1.4 | Understand and describe that the work of the cell is carried out by the many different types of molecules it assembles, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. |
Iowa...
| Grade | 10-12 | | Standard | A | Students can understand and apply skills used in scientific inquiry. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students can analyze and interpret scientific information. |
| Grade | 6-9 | | Standard | B | Students can understand concepts and relationships in life science. | | Benchmark | 1 | Students can understand structures of living things. |
| Grade | 6-9 | | Standard | A | Students can understand and apply skills used in scientific inquiry. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students can analyze and interpret scientific information. |
Kansas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.1 | Students will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of the cell. | | Benchmark | 1 | Cells are composed of a variety of specialized structures that carry out specific functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.1 | Students will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of the cell. | | Benchmark | 2 | The student understands that cell functions involve specific chemical reactions. |
Kentucky...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SC-H-3.1.1 | Cells have particular structures that underlie their function. Every cell is surrounded by a membrane that separates it from the outside world. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules that form a variety of specialized structures. These structures carry out specific cell functions. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | SC-H-3.1.2 | Most cell functions involve chemical reactions. Food molecules taken into cells react to provide the chemical constituents needed to synthesize other molecules. Both breakdown and synthesis are made possible by a large set of protein catalysts, called enzymes. The breakdown of some of the food molecules enables the cell to store energy in specific chemicals that are used to carry out the many functions of the cell. | | Benchmark | | |
Louisiana...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-H-A1 | Observing cells, identifying organelles, relating structure to function, and differentiating among cell types. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | Standard | The students will become aware of the characteristics and life cycles of organisms and understand their relationships to each other and to their environment. | | Benchmark | LS-H-B1 | Explaining the relationship among chromosomes, DNA, genes, RNA, and proteins. |
Maine...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C | Students will understand that cells are the basic units of life. | | Benchmark | 1 | Relate the parts of a cell to its function. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C | Students will understand that cells are the basic units of life. | | Benchmark | 3 | Discuss the function of the important "molecules of life" proteins (including enzymes and hormones), carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. |
Maryland...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.12.1 | Explain that most life functions involve chemical reactions regulated by information stored within the cell and may be influenced by the cell’s response to its environment. The student will be able to describe the unique characteristics of chemical compounds and macromolecules utilized by living systems (water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, vitamins). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.12.2 | The student will be able to discuss factors involved in the regulation of chemical activity as part of a homeostatic mechanism (osmosis, temperature, pH, enzyme regulation). (CLG 3.1.2) The student will describe the flow of matter and energy between living systems and the physical environment (water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, chemosynthesis). (CLG 3.1.3) The student will explain the function of structures found in cellular and multicellular organisms (transportation of materials, waste disposal, movement, feedback, asexual and sexual reproduction, control of structures, capture and release of energy, protein synthesis). (CLG 3.2.1) |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3.0 | Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time. | | Benchmark | 3.12.4 | Explain how traits are inherited and passed from one generation to the next (i.e., from parental DNA, RNA to gross anatomical traits of offspring). The student will demonstrate that the sorting and recombination of genes during sexual reproduction has an effect on variation in offspring (meiosis, fertilization). (CLG 3.3.1) The student will illustrate and explain how expressed traits are passed from parent to offspring (phenotypes, dominant and recessive traits, sex-linked traits, genotypes, punnett square). (CLG 3.3.2) The student will explain how a genetic trait is determined by the code in a DNA molecule (definition of gene, structure of DNA, sequence of bases directing protein formation, proteins). (CLG 3.3.3) The student will describe the effect of gene alteration on an organism and/or a population (mutations, chromosome number, cloning, genetic recombination). (CLG 3.3.4) |
Massachusetts...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 2 | All living things are composed of cells. Life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 2.1 | Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 3 | Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. | | Benchmark | 3.1 | Describe the structure and function of DNA, and distinguish among replication, transcription, and translation.*. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 3 | Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. | | Benchmark | 3.2 | Describe the processes of replication, transcription, and translation and how they relate to each other in molecular biology. |
Michigan...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | III.1 | All students will apply an understanding of cells to the functioning of multicellular organisms, including how cells grow, develop and reproduce: | | Benchmark | 1 | Explain how multicellular organisms grow, based on how cells grow and reproduce. |
Minnesota...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will comprehend that all living things are composed of cells, and that the life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 1 | The student will relate cellular structures to their functions. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | IV.D | The student will explain how inherited characteristics are encoded by genes. | | Benchmark | 3 | The student will describe the structure and function of DNA and distinguish between replication, transcription and translation. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | IV.A | The student will comprehend that all living things are composed of cells, and that the life processes in a cell are based on molecular interactions. | | Benchmark | 4 | The student will describe the role of enzymes as catalysts in metabolism and cellular synthesis of new molecules. |
Mississippi...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 5 | Investigate the principles, mechanisms, and methodology of classica and molecular genetics. | | Benchmark | a | Compare and contrast the molecular structures of DNA and RNA as they relate to replication, transcription, and translation. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 5 | Investigate the principles, mechanisms, and methodology of classica and molecular genetics. | | Benchmark | b | Identify and illustrate how changes in DNA cause mutations and evaluate the significance of these changes. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | Investigate the biochemical basis of life. | | Benchmark | f | Explain how enzymes work and identify factors that can affect enzyme action. |
Missouri...
| Grade | K-12 | | Standard | 3 | In Science, students in Missouri public schools will acquire a solid foundation which includes knowledge of characteristics and interactions of living organisms. | | Benchmark | | |
Montana...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3 | Students demonstrate knowledge of characteristics, structures and function of living things, the process and diversity of life, and how living organisms interact with each other and their environment. | | Benchmark | 1 | Investigate and use appropriate technology to demonstrate that all cells have common features as well as differences that determine function and that they are composed of common building blocks (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3 | Students demonstrate knowledge of characteristics, structures and function of living things, the process and diversity of life, and how living organisms interact with each other and their environment. | | Benchmark | 2 | Describe and explain the complex processes involved in energy use in cell maintenance, growth, repair and development. |
Nebraska...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 12.4.1 | By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the cell. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and describe the form and function of subcellular structures that regulate cell activities. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 12.4.1 | By the end of twelfth grade, students will develop an understanding of the cell. | | Benchmark | Example Indicator | Investigate and describe cell functions (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration, cell division). |
Nevada...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 6.0 | Students understand that all life forms, at all levels of organization, use specialized structures and similar processes to meet life’s needs. | | Benchmark | 6.12.4 | Investigate and describe how every cell is covered by a cell membrane and most cells also have specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy, transfer, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback, and movement. |
New Hampshire...
| Grade | 7-10 | | Standard | 3d | Students will demonstrate an increasing ability to understand fundamental structures, functions, and mechanisms of inheritance found in microorganisms, fungi, protists, plants, and animals. | | Benchmark | Proficiency Standard | Describe the major functions of the living cell and discuss how different groups of cells perform interrelated functions in any organism. |
New Mexico...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | III | Understand the characteristics, structures, and functions of cells. | | Benchmark | 1 | Know that cells are made of proteins composed of combinations of amino acids. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | III | Understand the characteristics, structures, and functions of cells. | | Benchmark | 3 | Describe the mechanisms for cellular processes (e.g., energy production and storage, transport of molecules, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | III | Understand the characteristics, structures, and functions of cells. | | Benchmark | 6 | Know that DNA directs protein building (e.g., role of RNA). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | III | Understand the characteristics, structures, and functions of cells. | | Benchmark | 7 | Describe how most cell functions involve chemical reactions, including: promotion or inhibition of biochemical reactions by enzymes; processes of respiration (e.g., energy production, ATP); communication from cell to cell by secretion of a variety of chemicals (e.g., hormones). |
New York...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | Living things are both similar to and different from each other and nonliving things. | | Benchmark | Performance Indicator | Describe and explain the structures and functions of the human body at different organizational levels (e.g., systems, tissues, cells, organelles). |
North Carolina...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 2 | The learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life. | | Benchmark | 2.04 | Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importance in biological systems. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3 | The learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of life and the changes of organisms over time. | | Benchmark | 3.01 | Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including: DNA replication; protein synthesis (transcription, translation); gene regulation. |
North Dakota...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Students understand the basic concepts and principles of life science. | | Benchmark | 12.4.1 | Understand the structure and function of cells and their components. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Students understand the basic concepts and principles of life science. | | Benchmark | 12.4.3 | Understand the molecular basis of heredity. |
Ohio...
| Grade | 10 | | Standard | C | Explain the genetic mechanisms and molecular basis of inheritance. | | Benchmark | 5 | Illustrate the relationship of the structure and function of DNA to protein synthesis and the characteristics of an organism. |
| Grade | 12 | | Standard | A | Explain how processes at the cellular level affect the functions and characteristics of an organism. | | Benchmark | 1 | Recognize that information stored in DNA provides the instructions for assembling protein molecules used by the cells that determine the characteristics of the organism. |
Oregon...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | Content Standard | Understand structure, functions, and interactions of living organisms and the environment. | | Benchmark | Benchmark | Describe the structure of DNA and the way that DNA functions to control protein synthesis. |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | Content Standard | Understand structure, functions, and interactions of living organisms and the environment. | | Benchmark | Benchmark | Describe, explain, and compare the structure and functions of cells in organisms. |
Pennsylvania...
| Grade | 11-12 | | Standard | 3.3.12.C | Explain gene inheritance and expression at the molecular level. Analyze gene expression at the molecular level. Describe the roles of nucleic acids in cellular reproduction and protein synthesis. Describe genetic engineering techniques, applications and impacts. Explain birth defects from the standpoint of embryological development and/or changes in genetic makeup. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 3.3.10.B | Describe and explain the chemical and structural basis of living organisms. Describe the relationship between the structure of organic molecules and the function they serve in living organisms. Identify the specialized structures and regions of the cell and the functions of each. Explain how cells store and use information to guide their functions. Explain cell functions and processes in terms of chemical reactions and energy changes. | | Benchmark | | |
Rhode Island...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C2 | Within the cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy capture and release, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback, and even movement. In addition to these basic cellular functions common to all cells, most cells in multicellular organisms perform some special functions that others do not. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C3 | The work of the cell is carried out by the many different types of molecules it assembles, mostly proteins. Protein molecules are long, usually folded chains made from 20 different kinds of amino-acid molecules. The function of each protein molecule depends on its specific sequence of amino acids and the shape the chain takes is a consequence of attractions between the amino acids in the chain. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | C4 | The genetic information in DNA molecules provides instructions for assembling protein molecules. The code used is virtually the same for all life forms. | | Benchmark | | |
South Carolina...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II.A.2 | Most cell functions involve chemical reactions. Food molecules taken into the cell react to provide the chemical constituents needed to synthesize other molecules. Both breakdown and synthesis are made possible by a large set of protein catalysts, called enzymes. The breakdown of some of the food molecules enables the cell to store energy in specific chemicals that are used to carry out the many functions of the cell. | | Benchmark | a | Explain the role of enzymes in chemical reactions within the cell. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II.A.1 | Cells have particular structures that underlie their function. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules which form a variety of specialized structures that carry out such cell functions as energy production, transport of molecules, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules, and the storage of genetic material. | | Benchmark | b | Identify the cellular structures that are responsible for energy production, waste disposal, molecular synthesis, storage of genetic material, and cell movement. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II.A.3 | Cells store and use information to guide their functions. The genetic information stored in DNA is used to direct the synthesis of the thousands of proteins each cell requires. | | Benchmark | c | Illustrate the steps of protein synthesis. |
South Dakota...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 3 | Analyze biochemical principles essential for life, including water chemistry, structure and function of macromolecules, and nature of enzymes. | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 4 | Relate cellular functions to specialized structures within cells. (example: transport of materials, protein synthesis, energy capture release). | | Benchmark | | |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 9 | Describe common mechanisms of inheritance and of protein synthesis including cell division, sex cell formation, cell specialization, prediction of inheritance of traits, effects of genetic recombination and mutation, and events involved in construction . | | Benchmark | | |
Tennessee...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1.0 | The student will investigate the structures and functions of the cell membrane, cellular organelles, and component biomolecules related to the major cell processes. | | Benchmark | 1.4 | Analyze the various cell processes. |
Texas...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 112.43.c.4 | The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things and have specialized parts that perform specific functions, and that viruses are different from cells and have different properties and functions. | | Benchmark | B | Investigate and identify cellular processes including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, and synthesis of new molecules. |
Utah...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | II | Students will understand that all organisms are composed of one or more cells that are made of molecules, come from preexisting cells, and perform life functions. | | Benchmark | 1d | Explain the role of enzymes in cell chemistry. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | IV | Students will understand that genetic information coded in DNA is passed from parents to offspring by sexual and asexual reproduction. The basic structure of DNA is the same in all living things. Changes in DNA may alter genetic expression. | | Benchmark | 3c | Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis. Summarize how genetic information encoded in DNA provides instructions for assembling protein molecules. |
Vermont...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | S9-12:30 | Students demonstrate their understanding of Cell Structure and Function—Survival Requirements by •??Predicting the direction of movement of substances across a membrane. AND •??Developing a model that illustrates the interdependence of cellular organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm) in biochemical pathways within the cell (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts : cellular respiration and photosynthesis; nucleus and ribosomes : DNA transcription and protein synthesis). AND •??Identifying how the basic (general) shape and structure of each of the four types of organic molecules determine its role in maintaining cell survival (i.e., simple carbohydrates [monosaccharides] can be an energy source as a single molecule and a storage/structural molecule when multiple units are chemically combined—[starch, cellulose, chitin].). AND •??Explaining that a specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape of a protein (i.e., sickle cell hemoglobin). | | Benchmark | b | Enzymes, proteins that regulate biochemical reactions, are critical to the survival of cells. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | S9-12:30 | Students demonstrate their understanding of Cell Structure and Function—Survival Requirements by •??Predicting the direction of movement of substances across a membrane. AND •??Developing a model that illustrates the interdependence of cellular organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm) in biochemical pathways within the cell (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts : cellular respiration and photosynthesis; nucleus and ribosomes : DNA transcription and protein synthesis). AND •??Identifying how the basic (general) shape and structure of each of the four types of organic molecules determine its role in maintaining cell survival (i.e., simple carbohydrates [monosaccharides] can be an energy source as a single molecule and a storage/structural molecule when multiple units are chemically combined—[starch, cellulose, chitin].). AND •??Explaining that a specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape of a protein (i.e., sickle cell hemoglobin). | | Benchmark | d | The shape of proteins in a cell determines the structure and function of that cells, hence survival of the organism (i.e., cytoskeleton, biochemical functions). |
Virginia...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | BIO.3 | The student will investigate and understand the chemical and biochemical principles essential for life. | | Benchmark | c | The nature of enzymes. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | BIO.6 | The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. | | Benchmark | e | Genetic variation (mutation, recombination, deletions, additions to DNA). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | BIO.6 | The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. | | Benchmark | f | The structure, function, and replication of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | BIO.6 | The student will investigate and understand common mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. | | Benchmark | g | Events involved in the construction of proteins. |
Washington...
| Grade | 9-10 | | Standard | 1.2 | Understand how components, structures, organizations, and interconnections describe systems. | | Benchmark | 1.2.6 | Understand cellular structures, their functions, and how specific genes regulate these functions. |
West Virginia...
| Grade | 11-12 | | Standard | SC.S.4 | Students will: demonstrate knowledge, understanding and applications of scientific facts, concepts, principles, theories and models as delineated in the objectives; demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among physics, chemistry, biology and the earth and space sciences; and apply knowledge, understanding and skills of science subject matter/concepts to daily life experiences. | | Benchmark | AB.4.16 | Students will identify the function of the RNAs; messenger, transfer and ribosomal in the transcription and translation process of protein formation. |
Wisconsin...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | F | Students in Wisconsin will demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics and structures of living things, the processes of life, and how living things interact with one another and their environment. | | Benchmark | F.12.1 | Evaluate the normal structures and the general and special functions of cells in single-celled and multiple-celled organisms |
Wyoming...
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | In the context of unifying concepts and processes, students develop an understanding of scientific content through inquiry. Science is a dynamic process; concepts and content are best learned through inquiry and investigation. | | Benchmark | 1 | Students explain the processes of life, which necessitates an understanding of relationship between structure and function of the cell and cellular differentiation. They identify activities taking place in an organism related to metabolic activities in cells, including growth, regulation, transport, and homeostasis. Students differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction. |
| Grade | 9-12 | | Standard | 1 | In the context of unifying concepts and processes, students develop an understanding of scientific content through inquiry. Science is a dynamic process; concepts and content are best learned through inquiry and investigation. | | Benchmark | 2 | Students demonstrate an understanding that organisms ensure species continuity by passing genetic information from parent to offspring. They utilize genetic information to make predictions about possible offspring. Students apply concepts of molecular biology (DNA and genes) to recent discoveries. |
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Visualizing Cell Processes 