Program Overview
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Modules: The Protein Nature of Life, Protein Structure, Transcription, Translation and Protein Synthesis, Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes, Classes of Eukaryote DNA, Exons and Introns, Mutations
Running time - 12 minutes
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The Genetic Code is organized into short-play learning modules, for concise instruction.
- The Protein Nature of Life (1:25) Compares prokaryotes (spirilliform bacteria) and a eukaryote (small amoeba with prominent nucleus) and shows some of the diverse types of cells found in animals and plants.
- Protein Structure (0:36) This module shows how 20 amino acids can produce an almost infinite number of proteins and how the shape of a protein is achieved.
- Transcription (1:37) Shows how the DNA code is transcribed onto nucleotides of mRNA. The mRNA strands are then shown migrating into the cytoplasm where they are used as templates for synthesizing proteins.
- Translation and the Protein Synthesis (1:31) Animates the functions of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA in the translation of mRNA into a protein.
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes (1:46) Production of the enzyme beta-galactosidase by lactose-digesting bacteria creates a model of the first gene regulation mechanism to be clearly understood -- the lac operon.
- Classes of Eukaryote DNA (1:08) Not all of a cell's functional DNA codes for large proteins. Short repeated sections code for small ones in high production, such as histones, while other repeat sections from the caps and centromere of chromosomes.
- Exons and Introns (1:25) One of the great surprises in molecular biology was the discovery that up to 90 percent of a cell's DNA is silent.
- Mutations (1:44) This module illustrates several types of mutations that occur in DNA. Frame-shift mutations are the most damaging, whereas point mutations are a potential source of variety for evolutionary processes. .
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